![]() ![]() ![]() In the running config standard Type 9 start with $9$. I have not proven it but I believe it is possible that the popular tool HashCat is able to decrypt these. Running it once occasionally on a Cisco device is fine though, this is currently the Best Practice Type password to use. It’s very memory expensive to run the algorithm and therefore difficult to crack. SCRYPT uses 80-bit salt, 16384 iterations. These use the SCRYPT hashing algorithm defined in the informational RFC 7914. In the running config standard Type 8 start with $8$. While this is good, it is still vulnerable to brute-forcing since AES is easy to implement in (GPU) graphics cards. Type 8 passwords are what Type 4 was meant to be, an upgraded Type 5! Type 8 is hashed using PBKDF2, SHA-256, 80-bit salt, 20,000 iterations. These should never be used and attempting to use Type 7 in modern IOS XE will throw an error as these will be depreciated soon. These are easily reversible with tools on the internet. These use the Vigenere cipher, a very simple algorithm that was cracked in 1995. See this document I authored on Configuring Type 6 Passwords Type 7 The encrypted password that is visible in the running-config cannot be copied between devices UNLESS the original Master Key is configured on the new device! The administrator defines a master key which is used by IOS XE to encrypt the password. This is true encryption using 128 bit AES counter mode. In the running config these start with $5$. These should only be used if Type 6, 8, or 9 is not available on the IOS version you are running. Attempting to use Type 5 in modern IOS XE will throw an error as these will be depreciated soon. These use a salted MD5 hashing algorithm. See the PSIRT below.Ĭisco IOS and Cisco IOS XE Type 4 Passwords Issue Type 5 ![]() However, the attempt was severely flawed and resulted in a hash that was weaker than a Type 5 MD5. Attempting to use Type 0 in modern IOS XE will throw an error as these will be depreciated soon.Ĭisco created Type 4 around 2013 in an attempt to upgrade Type 5. This is cleartext and should never be used in a running or startup-config. Click HERE for a great tool I've been using for years. Type 0, Type 5 and Type 7 should be migrated to other stronger methods.Use Type 6, Type 8 and Type 9 wherever possible.Use username joeblow secret mypass instead. username joeblow password mypass command should no longer be used.The enable password command should no longer be used.Back up your files and secure your password to prevent data loss.*įor more information on encryption tools, contact the Information and Privacy Officer. *Excluding Bitlocker deployments managed by TSC, be aware that the University cannot assist you in decrypting your files should you lose or forget your password. Encryption tools are also built into Android, Apple and Blackberry phones and tablets. Even 7-Zip, which is a commonly-used file archiver / compressor, can also be used to encrypt multiple files at once. Various 3rd party options are also available, such as the popular (and free) VeraCrypt software available for Microsoft, Apple, and Linux. This latter form of encryption protects an entire disk drive (or a specified part thereof) and is one of the most powerful tools to prevent against privacy breaches.Įncryption tools are often bundled with computer operating systems, such as Bitlocker for Microsoft Windows and FileVault for Apple iOS. Encryption can be done at the file level (see guidance below) or at the disk level, known as full-disk encryption (FDE). It is especially useful for laptops, tablets, phones, USB flash drives, and similar small devices that are easily lost or stolen. Encryption scrambles information so that it is unreadable without a passcode. For this reason, it is much better to use a combination of password protection and encryption.Įncryption goes one step further than password protection and is an easy and effective way to lessen the likelihood of a privacy breach. If the password is in any way compromised or bypassed, the data are readable. However, basic password measures can be defeated by a determined individual and the underlying data are generally not protected. Passwords help to prevent against unauthorized access to personal information / personal health information. Setting a strong password on any electronic device used to store personal information / personal health information is an important measure to protect privacy and is a requirement of the Privacy Policy for electronic devices and media such as computers, laptops, and smartphones. ![]()
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